Physical characteristics of the surface that influence interactions between spheres — roughness, permeability, and resistance properties. The surface as a boundary condition for hydrological and atmospheric models.
Scope
- Surface roughness: Aerodynamic roughness length (z₀) for wind modelling, hydraulic roughness for overland flow
- Aerodynamic resistance: Resistance to turbulent heat/moisture exchange
- Infiltration capacity: As a surface interface property (soil-specific infiltration is Soil Properties)
- Impervious surface: Fraction of sealed/paved ground
Classical Theme Mappings
No direct classical theme — surface physical properties are implicit in elevation models and land cover classifications.