Economics and Employment

Cognised existence: Economics and employment describe the measurable scale of a firm’s activity — revenue, profit, assets, employment, and workforce intensity. The concept exists whether you read it from a company’s filed annual report or from an aggregated statistical table. The granularity and access differ dramatically between sources.

Question: What are the economic and employment characteristics of a firm or establishment?

What are Economics and Employment?

Economics and employment are not the firm itself (that’s Firms). They are the measurable scale and performance of the firm or establishment — how much money flows in, how many people work there, how large the asset base is, and how labor is distributed over time. Understanding which sources carry what level of detail, and what reporting obligations apply, is critical for avoiding false zeroes (missing ≠ zero).

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Realisations

1. CVR (CentraleVirksomhedsregister) — Per-Entity Reports

The authoritative per-company realisation. CVR stores annual accounts and employment data per entity.

Spatial Access Path

regnskab / Beskaeftigelse
  │  FK: CVREnhedsId → Virksomhed / Produktionsenhed
  ▼
Virksomhed / Produktionsenhed
  │  FK: → Adressering → DAR join chain
  │       adresse → husnummer → adgangspunkt.position
  ▼
adgangspunkt.position (point geometry via DAR)

No native geometry. Financial data attaches to the legal entity. To map it spatially, join through the entity to its address, then through the Addresses join chain. For production-unit-level employment, use Produktionsenhed addresses (see Business Locations).

Key Entities

Entity	Role
|regnskab	Annual financial accounts (balance sheet, income statement)
|revision	Audit information
|revisorrelation	Auditor assignments
|finansiel	Financial classification data
|stadfæstelse	Account confirmation/approval
Beskaeftigelse	Employment figures (headcount, FTE)
Kreditoplysninger	Credit status indicators

Key Attributes

Attribute	Description	Notes
omsaetning	Revenue	Annual, DKK. Not all companies report this
bruttofortjeneste	Gross profit	May be reported instead of revenue for smaller firms
resultatfoerskat	Profit before tax	Key profitability indicator
balancesum	Total assets (balance sum)	End-of-year balance
ansatte	Employee count	Headcount at reporting date
aarsvaerk	Full-time equivalents (FTE)	Better measure of actual workforce size

Reporting Obligations

Not all businesses report the same detail:

Class	Size	Detail Level
A	Smallest	Minimal — may only show bruttofortjeneste
B	Small/medium	Revenue, profit, balance
C	Large	Full financial statements with notes
D	Largest/public interest	Full statements, extended notes, segment reporting

Missing fields usually mean the company is exempt from reporting, not that the value is zero.

Employment Data Sources

Source	Granularity	Frequency
Beskaeftigelse entity	Per-entity headcount + FTE intervals	Quarterly
regnskab	Annual employment figures in financial report	Annual

These can differ. Beskaeftigelse is more granular (quarterly) while regnskab is annual.

Access

• GraphQL: Datafordeleren GraphQL — regnskab and employment entities queryable
• File Download: Bulk export of regnskab, Beskaeftigelse, join by CVREnhedsId
• Note: Financial data may have publication delays (annual accounts filed months after year-end)

2. Danmarks Statistik — Aggregated Statistics

DST publishes sectoral financial and employment statistics via Statistikbanken.

Spatial Access Path

Statistical table (NACE sector × municipality/region)
  │  FK: municipality/region code
  ▼
DAGI administrative polygon (via kommune/region geometry)

1 join to geometry — aggregated figures are keyed to administrative areas realised by Administrative Units.

Key Tables

Table	Content
FIRSTAT	Firm demographics by sector and municipality
LBESK	Employment by industry and municipality
REGN	Financial aggregates (revenue, profit) by sector
GF	General firm statistics by region

Limitations

• Aggregated only — no per-entity data, only counts/sums per area × sector
• Delayed — published with months-to-years lag
• Disclosure rules — cells with few firms are suppressed to prevent identification
• Useful for — benchmarking, time series, regional economic profiles, cross-sector comparison

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Combining Realisations

Need	Best Realisation	Why
Per-company financial detail	CVR	Individual annual accounts
Employment by area	CVR or DST	CVR for per-entity, DST for aggregated time series
Sectoral benchmarking	DST	Aggregated averages and totals by NACE
Spatial financial heatmap	CVR + DAR	Geocode entities, aggregate by grid/area
Long-term economic trends	DST	Multi-year time series by sector and region

Classical Theme References

Standard	Theme	Link
INSPIRE	Production and Industrial Facilities	|Production and Industrial Facilities

Temporal Model

Financial data is inherently periodic in addition to being bitemporal. Each regnskab record covers a specific accounting period (typically a fiscal year). Employment data (Beskaeftigelse) may have quarterly intervals. DST tables are versioned by publication year.

Realised By Links

• CentraleVirksomhedsregister (collection)
• Skatteforvaltningens Virksomhedsregister (collection)

Unmatched Realisations

• DanmarksStatistik

Realised By Links

• CentraleVirksomhedsregister (collection)
• Skatteforvaltningens Virksomhedsregister (collection)

Unmatched Realisations

• DanmarksStatistik